内容正文:
初中重点语法
现 在 完 成 时
一、 现在完成时的用法
1. 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
I have had my lunch. 我吃过午饭了。(强调现在已经饱了)
I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,强调现在还没有找到)
I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
---H ave you found your lost pen? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?
---No.I haven't found it yet. 没,我还没有找到。
already:“已经”,用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末。
yet:“还,仍然”,用在疑问句或否定句中,常放在句末
2. 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与for, since(自从)引导的时间短语或从句连用.
for+ 时间段; since+ 时间点 或 一般过去式的句子.
eg: She has learned English for 5 years. (她已经学习五年英语了)
解释:一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born . (自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去)
Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock? (自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?)
如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
习 题:选用for和since填空
1. We haven’t seen each other ____________ a long time.
2. His father has been in the factory __________ 10 years ago.
3. The film has been on ___________ 20 minutes.
4. Mr. Green has worked here _______________ he came to China.
5. His grandparents have been dead __________ several years.
6. It’s five years _________________ we met last time.
二、 现在完成时的结构
1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他+时间.
He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容)
They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的)
2.否定句:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间.
He hasn’t ever read that book .
They haven’t just cleaned their hands.
3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?
What has he ever done?
What have they just done?
习 题:按要求改写句子
1.I have already had dinner.(否定句) I __________ _______ dinner _______.
2. Mum has cooked th