内容正文:
非谓语
1、谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词2、非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语)
一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,就需要谓语动词。
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1 不定式
2 动名词
3 分词(现在分词和过去分词)
非谓语动词的分类
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Part 2
不定式
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主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1.不定式的构成
(not) to+动词原形
动词不定式的不同形式(以 do 为例)
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2. 不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数。
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
To sweep the floor is my duty every day.
(2)如果动词不定式太长,常常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
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3. 特殊句型
① It + 谓语 + to do
It took me two hours to finish the difficult task.
② It’s + n. + to do
It's your turn to clean the room.
③It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
如要是形容事物的性质的,可在不定式前加for引导的短语。
It's hard for him to learn English well.
但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作人的性格、品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。
It’s kind of you to help me.
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3. 不定式作宾语
She wishes to be a musician.
I am determined to give up smoking.
用结构find/feel/think + it+ adj./n. + to do sth.
I don’t think it right to do it that way.
我认为那样做是不对的。
句型中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
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4. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词
当这种结构做宾语的时候,常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain 等动词之后
She didn’t know which bus to take.
The teacher showed us how to read a book.
You’d better find out where to put these pens.你最好了解一下应把这些钢笔放在哪里。
5. 只接不定式作宾语的动词(to do...)
want 想要 seem 似乎 aim 目标是
refuse 拒绝 decide 决定 learn 学着
ask 请求 prepare 准备 intend 打算
plan 计划 bother 打扰 fail 失败
volunteer 志愿做 wish 希望 hope 希望
agree 赞同 desire 想要 manage 设法
pretend 假装 arrange 安排 determine 决定
choose 选择 attempt 试图 ……
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Part 2
动名词
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构成形式: (not) doing
时态与语态
一般时 doing
一般时被动 being done
完成时 having done
完成时被动 having been done
动名词作主语
Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
每天锻炼使人健康。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山真的很有趣。
用法拓展
动名词作主语时,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种情况多见于某些名词。
(如:no use, a waste of time/money)之后
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste of time p