内容正文:
第二章.状语从句
一、时间状语从句
在复合句中,由时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间。(在复合句中,要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。)
时间状语从句,由以下连词引导:
When、 while、 as 、after、 before、 as soon as、 since、 till /until 、by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句主要用一般现在时。
when在...的时候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候,开始写音乐作品。
while在...期间
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
as在...的同时;一边...一边..;随着
We alwalys sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
I'll let him know as soon as she comes.
她一来,我就会让他知道。
after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
before 在...之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
as soon as 一…就...
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我们一到那就开始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你写信。
由before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的句型:
It is/was (not) +时间+before+从句 用了多长时间......
当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
由till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换(till一般不放句首),但是在强调句型中多用until。
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
由since引导的时间状语从句
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,从句多用一般过去式。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
by the time的用法
“截止到......(时间)为止”“当...时候”,后面接时间状语从句。
注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
二、原因状语从句
原因状语从句
要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由 now that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school