内容正文:
第15练 宾语从句
定义:在复合句中,如果由一个句子充当的宾语,那么这个句子就叫宾语从句。
引导词
用法
例句
从属连词that
that此时无实际意义,不在从句中充当任何成分,可省略。
I heard(that) your father has been to Japan once.
我听说你父亲曾经去过日本
从属连词
if/whether
whether/if在从句中不作成分,但有“是否”之义,不可省略。
I’m wondering whether someone has shut the windows. 我想知道是否有人关上了窗户。
疑问代词
(what,who,whom,whose,which)它们在从句中充当句子成分,不可省略。
I don’t know anyone who can repair my compute.
我不认识任何可以修理我的电脑的人。
疑问副词
(when,where,why,how)它们在从句中作状语,不可以省略。
We may find where he buried his gold coins我们可以找到他埋葬金币的地方
一、宾语从句的时态
1.主句如果是现在时、将来时或祈使句时,从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态,不受主句影响。
☆ I don't know how my father goes to work. 我不知道我父亲是怎么上班的。
2.主句如果用一般过去时,从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。
☆ Linda said that she was going to work in Beijing in the future. 琳达说,她将来要去北京工作。
3.当从句说明的是客观真理或规律时,无论主句什么时态,从句均用一般现在时。
☆ He told me that there are twelve months in a year. 他告诉我,一年有十二个月。
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句使用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。
☆ I don't know whether they have found out the lost kid 我不知道他们是否找到了迷路的孩子
三、宾语从句的注意事项
1、引导词只能用whether不能用if的情况
1.从句前置于句首时 例:Whether they can come here on time,we don’t know.
2.引导介词后宾语从句时 例:It depends on whether it will be sunny tomorrow.
3.与or not连用时 例:I don’t know whether or not he will come.
2、引导词that不能省略的情况
1 句中出现两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个从句的that可以省略,其余并列从句的that都要保留。
例:Linda said (that) she liked Beijing and that she would work in Beijing in the future.
2 that从句中又有其他从句时
例:He told us that,if we could come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.
3 it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时
例:I don’t think it polite that they left without saying a word.
4 当宾语从句的主语是this,that或者被this,that修饰时
例:The teacher said that that boy was impolite.
3、宾语从句的否定转移
主语的主语是第一人称I/we,主句的谓语动词是表示“想;认为”等意义的动词,如think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect等,若从句是否定意义,从句的否定要转移到主句上。
例:I think it is not good for your eyes.(×) I don't think it is good for your eyes.(√)
四、宾语从句的简化
1 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
例:I hope that I can receive your letter.=I hope to receive your lette