2023年全国1卷英语阅读理解D篇解析讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习

1.语言障碍 1）词汇障碍    文本中出现了许多派生词，部分派生词的词义与学生所学原词的词义毫不相干，如capitalize、dismissive，还出现了超标词汇，如correlate、underlying，影响了学生对文本的理解。 课标原词 文本对应词汇 statistic statistician capital capitalize estimate estimation/overestimate 无 correlate dominate dominant reduce reduction limit limitation imply implication occasion occasional dismiss dismissive 无 underlying logical logic approve approving 2）长难句理解障碍    全文由18个句子组成，平均每个句子由19.4单词构成，最长句子达40个单词：The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 2.文化障碍    文本介绍了“群体智慧”效应（“wisdom of crowds” effect），这是一个极为陌生的话题，由于学生对此文化知识知之甚少，影响了对文本的理解，学生也不明白the experiment of estimation到底是一个怎样的实验，使得学生的理解变得极为困难。所谓“估计实验”说的是1907年，弗朗西斯·高尔顿要求787名村民猜测一头牛的重量。他们都没有得到正确的答案，但是当高尔顿平均他们的猜测时，他得出了一个近乎完美的估计。 3.思维障碍    命制的4道试题的思维容量较大，要求学生具有较高的思维品质，考查了主旨大意、态度观点及细节理解的能力，2道细节理解题也具有较高的思维容量。 12 B. 第二段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑：当个体的错误在大量独立估计中被平均时，这些错误往往会相互抵消，从而得出更准确的估计结果。归纳这一段的主旨大意有较大难度，学生对答案The underlying logic of the effect的理解也存在困难。 13 D. Navajas的研究发现，当人群被进一步划分为更小的群体，并被允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比来自相同数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。这表明即使估计值不是完全独立的，平均准确度仍然可以提高。 14 C. 后续研究主要关注小组的讨论过程。由the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion可知。 15 D. 从最后一节Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 可看出作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。 附1 试题     On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.     This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some peopl