内容正文:
07 定语从句
定语从句是高考的重点+热点,定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中,尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有:
1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。
2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别:
3.介词+关系代词的用法;
4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句:
5.定语从句与名词从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句、简单句的甄别。
【要点梳理】
Ø考点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only,the very,the same,all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物,且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和
which的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see,know,expect,say,mention,report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这一点,这件事”等,which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
Ø考点二:关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)
地点状语
why
the reason
原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
Ø考点三:非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去 掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍,她看起来很忙。)
2.which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。)
3. 在非限制性定语从句中,还可把all, some,most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(他深深地爱着他