衔接点06 名词性从句-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

06名词性从句 从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句，包括四种从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。因为主语、宾语、表语、同位语这四种成分均可以由名词构成，所以这四种从句在主句中都充当了名词的作用，故将这四种从句统称为名词性从句。如：  1.That she will help me made us happy.（主语从句）  2.I can understand what he said.（宾语从句）  3.This is where I was born.（表语从句）  4.The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.（同位语从句）  二、名词性从句的连接词分类 1.that（无含义，不充当成分） 2.whether,if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分） 3.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在从句中做状语） 4. as if, as though, because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句） 三、连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况 1.it 做形式主语，that引导主语从句时 It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.据说他一直在国外学习。 2.动词宾语从句中 I think(that) you have much to improve in English.我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。 3.形容词宾语从句中 I am afraid (that) I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。 四、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句： (1)I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。 that无含义，that you were here 指的就是idea，所以是同位语从句，不能省略that (2)Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you？这本书给了你想法吗？ that指的是the idea，that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略 名词性从句如何考查 1.考查名词性从句的引导词，通常都是在无提示型的试题中，即试题只给出空格而不给提示词，让考生填入恰当的引导词。  例1·语法填空：I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 此题考查why引导的宾语从句。  例2·完形填空：But every day, we would sit by the lake， looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there. 此题考查what引导的宾语从句。  例3·短文改错：After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 此句中，正确答案为：去掉where，或把where改为that。（that） his parents were missing是一个宾语从句。  2.考查名词性从句的时态、语态，通常出现在语法填空和短文改错这两大题型中。  例4·短文改错：Do you want to know why we move last week？此句中，正确答案为：把move改为moved。why we moved last week是一个宾语从句，当