定语从句精品讲义-2024届高考英语备考复习

Grammar —— 定语从句 [新知导引] 什么是定语？什么是定语从句？ I see an ugly dog. I see a girl under the tree. I know the boy who is drinking the tea. [语法精释] 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。 从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词 连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用: 1) 连接主句和从句 2) 指代先行词 3) 在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种 关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等； 关系副词有when，where，why。 1、 关系代词的基本用法 1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The man who is talking with my father is a teacher. 正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。 The girl (who) I met yesterday is his sister. 我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。 2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。 The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。 The boy(who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John's brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。 He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn. 他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。 3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years. 桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 4．That既可以指人也可以指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。 The report (that) Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。 5．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. 没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。 [即学即练]　关系代词填空 (1) Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? (2) Those who want to see the film set down your names, please. (3) This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son. (4) This is the man who/that wants to see you. (5) A clock is a machine which/that tells people the time. (6) The book which/that is on the table is mine. (7) The man who/ that was passing by saw what happened. (8) The man who/whom/that I met yesterday lent me some money. (9) Here is the pen which/ that you