Unit3 SectionⅠ-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版（教师用书）

Section Ⅱ　Discovering useful structures 动词­ing形式作主语 一、动词­ing形式的时态和语态 　　语态 时态　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1．一般式 动词­ing形式的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后。 Working out regularly is beneficial to our health. 有规律地锻炼对健康有益。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 2．完成式 动词­ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Having ever travelled to that beautiful city has made him want to travel there again. 曾经去过那座美丽的城市旅游使他想再次去那儿旅游。 3．否定式 动词­ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。 I'm sorry for not finishing my task on time. 抱歉，我没按时完成我的任务。 4．被动式 动词­ing形式的被动式表示该动词与句子的主语之间构成被动关系。 Being asked to do so much homework made him unhappy. 被要求做这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。 [即时演练1]——单句语法填空 ①　Travelling (travel) a lot is a good way to help people become knowledgeable. ②　Having given (give) a hand to those in need earned him a good reputation. ③　Being misunderstood　(misunderstand) by my teacher made me depressed. ④(2021·全国乙卷)Firstly, doing　(do) housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. ⑤　Having been bitten (bite)by my dog made Linda refuse to play with me again. 二、动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，通常置于句首。 Playing basketball is good for our health. 打篮球对我们的健康有好处。 Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费一个人的时间等同于谋财害命。 [名师指津]　动词不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 To lie to her is wrong. 对她撒谎不对。 2．动词­ing作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 Helping others means helping ourselves. 帮助别人意味着帮助我们自己。 3．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间 It's useful/useless/worthwhile doing sth 做某事有用/没用/是值得的 It's no good/use/fun doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。 Most of us think it is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 我们大部分都认为劝说这样的人加入我们是浪费时间。 4．动词­ing形式的复合结构作主语。 动词­ing形式的复合结构由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing形式”构成，名词所有格或形容词性物主代词是动词­ing形式的逻辑主语。 His getting up late in the morning made him late for class. 他早上起晚了， 导致他上课迟到了。 [即时演练2]——单句语法填空 ①It is a wa