内容正文:
高中英语动词语气
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动词的语气
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。英语中有3种语气:陈述语气:陈述事实(见于大多数句子中);祈使语气:提出请求,命令等(仅用于祈使句中);虚拟语气:表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况(只用于某几类句中)。
一、虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中
1.虚拟条件句中be的过去式一般为were:
If I were you,I would accept his offer.如果我是 你,就会接受他的建议。
2.表示将来情况时,主句中第一人称可用should,
其他人称用would;从句中任何人称都用should,不可用 would:
If it should rain tomorrow,what would you do?如 果明天下雨,你怎么办?
3.在正式文件中,有时可省去i,而将 were,had,should 提到主语前:
Had it not been for your help,wewould not have achieved so much.要不是你的帮助,我们不会取得如此大的成绩。
4.含蓄条件句:不是用条件句面是由介词短语(without...没有······,but for...要不是······),连词 (but但是),副词(otherwise 否则)等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况:
But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴雨,我们早到了。
5.错综时间条件句:主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间,其动词形式要根据时间面定。
If he had listened to me,he would not be in such trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话,现在就不会遇到麻烦了。
6.if引导的真实条件句,参见语法“副调性从句”。
二、虚拟语气用在表示要求.
建议、命令等的名词从句中,从句谓语用“(should+)原形动词”1.用在动词insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order (命令),propose(建议),demand(要求)等后面的宾 语从句中[参见suggest]:
He suggested that we(should) start now.他建议我 们现在就开始。
在美语中should常省去。
A如果上述动词不表示主张、建议等,而表示其他意义时,仍用陈述语气:
The expression on his face suggests that he knows it.他的表情表明他知道此事。
2.用在名词insistence(坚持),suggestion(建议), order(命令),proposal(建议),demand(要求)等后面 的表语从句和同位语从句中:
Their suggestion is that their output(should) be in- creased by 20%.他们的建议是让产量增加20%。
What do you think of his suggestion that we (should)put on a play? 他建议我们演一出剧,你觉得 怎样?
3.用在“It+be+natural(necessary,strange,im- portant 等,以及 insisted,suggested,ordered 等)+ that...”结构中的that引导的主语从句中:
It's necessary that you should be present at the meeting.你有必要参加会议。
It was suggested that the medicine should be sent there by plane.有人建议,那药品应该空运到那儿。
三.虚拟语气用在in case,lest,for fearthat 引起的句中,状语从表示“以防”,“以免”,从句谓语形式常为“should+动词原形”
He took his raincaat yith him in case it should rain. 他带上了雨衣以防下雨。
本句型有时可不用虚拟语气,而用一般现在时或一般过去时:
Here's some money in case you need il.这儿有点钱