2023年中考英语语法专项知识与习题——被动语态

中考语法复习——被动语态 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态,主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如: The flowers and grass should be watered .(_语态) We should water the flowers and grass .(_语态) ◆一 构成 1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的,助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) → The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态) 2.被动语态有以下8种: 一般现在时:be(am / is are) +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring . 一般过去时:be(was / were) +过去分词 The house was built last year . 现在进行时:be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired . 过去进行时:be(was / were) + being +过去分词 现在完成时:have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off . 过去完成时:had + been +过去分词 一般将来时:will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever . 含情态动词的:情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours . 3.被动语态常用于以下场合: ①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如:My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。 ②强调动作的执行者时,使用“by +动作的执行者”。如:The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。 ※ 只有及物动词才有被动形式,不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等,没有被动形式。 ◆二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 通常遵循以下三个步骤: 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式,且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。 3.将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。 主动语态:Many people speak English . 这里还需要连线! 被动语态:English . is spoken by many people . 如:Lu Xun wrote this book .→ This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的。 People are cutting down many trees now .→ Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。 ◆三 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.双宾语的被动形式 双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时,有两种变法: ①如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语,那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如:His teacher gave him a book .→He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→I have been bought a present . ②如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语,那么动词后要用介词to / for,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如:His teacher gave him a book .→A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .→A present has been bought for me . ※ 常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等,这些词与介词to搭配;buy / make / draw等,这些词与介词for搭配。 2.动词短语的被动语态 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开,也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。 如: ①We should speak to old men politely .→Old men should be spoken to p