内容正文:
Unit 2 Health and Fitness
主+系+表,主+谓+宾+状
及there be结构
(SVP, SVOA and “There Be” Structures)
Part A
单元语法教学
I. 英语基本句型
一、 英语句子:
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等组成的。
英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但其实只有六种基本句型。所有英语句子都可以看成是这六种基本句型的扩大、组合、省略或倒装。因此掌握这六大句型,是掌握其他各种英语句子结构的基础。
二、 英语句子成分的表示法:
S: Subject(主语)
V: Verb(动词)
LV: Linking Verb (系动词)
Vt: Transitive verb(及物动词)
Vi: Intransitive verb(不及物动词)
O: Object(宾语)
IO: Indirect Object (间接宾语)
DO: Direct Object (直接宾语)
P: Predicative(表语)
OC:Object Complement(宾语补足语)
A: Adverbial (状语)
三、 英语六种基本句型构成:
1. S + LV + P (主语 + 系动词 + 表语)
1)该句型结构特点:
① 主语一般由名词(代词)构成;
② 表语由名词、形容词和介词短语构成;
③ 系动词是连接主语和表语的桥梁。
2) 常见系动词:
表状态:be, seem, appear, prove;
表感官:smell, feel, taste, sound, look;
表变化:become, get, turn, go, come, grow, fall;
表持续:remain, stay, keep, continue.
S (主语)
LV(系动词)
P(表语)
This
is (be)
a dictionary.
The dinner
smells (smell)
delicious.
He
feels (feel)
happy.
Everything
looks (look)
different.
The twins
are (be)
tall.
The book
is (be)
on the desk.
The weather
becomes (become)
warmer.
His face
turns (turn)
red.
2. S + Vi (主语 + 不及物动词)
1)该句型结构特点:
这种句型一般没有宾语,因为动词是不及物动词,所以动词后不能带宾语,但后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
2)只能充当不及物动词的词:
sleep (睡觉), walk (步行), swim (游泳), happen / take place (发生), go (去), come (来), work (工作), laugh (笑), listen(听),
stay (呆在), arrive(到达), live (居住), die(死), succeed(成功)
S (主语)
Vi(不及物动词)
Time
flies (fly).
Class
begins (begin).
It
happened (happen) in 1991.
The man
doesn’t smoke (smoke).
We all
laughed (laugh).
They
talked (talk) for half an hour.
Everybody
has arrived (arrive).
She
didn’t cry (cry).
The sun
is rising (rise).
3. S + Vt + O (主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语)
该句型结构特点:及物动词后必须跟一个宾语,可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当
语(如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句)。
如:
They speak English. (名词做宾语)
Do you know him? (代词做宾语)
I can't afford to buy a new coat. (不定式做宾语)
I don't know what to do. (疑问词+不定式做宾语)
Would you mind closing the window? (动名词做宾语)
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