【小升初】2022-2023学年小学英语语法专项（讲义+练习）12 动词（外研版三起）

【小升初】2022-2023学年小学英语语法专项 （讲义+练习）12 动词（外研版三起） 一、动词的概念与分类 动词是句子中表示动作或者状态的词。根据动词的词义和在句中的作用，可以将动词划分为如下几类： 1、情态动词 should would can may must need 2、系动词 be(am is are was were) feel look stay smell get become taste 3、助动词 do does did have has will would should 4、实义动词 write read walk play say work 二、动词的基本形式 1. 情态动词:没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。 I can play basketball well. You can speak very good Chinese. 2. 系动词:根据人称和时态的不同，呈现不同形式。 I am very happy today. Are you feeling angry? They are playing in the snow. You are going to stay hungry. We were at home yesterday. It will be cloudy tomorrow. 3. 助动词:不能单独在句中使用，在句中的作用是帮助构成否定、疑问等句式。 We do not (don't) have classes on Saturdays. We will study Geography. My father does not (doesn't) work in the hospital. It’s got two pockets. Did you go swimming last weekend? Have you got any stamps? 4. 实义动词:小学阶段所学的实义动词有四种形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词形式(动词的ing形式)和过去式形式。 原形 sing dance play bring become learn teach 三单形式 finishes dances sits carries has goes watches 现在分词 singing dancing sitting phoning stopping deciding dying 过去式 sang danced sat decided skipped ran brought (1)动词第三人称单数形式的构成 ①一般情况下，在动词词尾加s。work—works，look—looks，want—wants　　 ②以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾加es。 teach—teaches，wash—washes，finish—finishes，go—goes　　 ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加es。 fly—flies，cry—cries, carry—carries, worry—worries hurry—hurries 　　【注】play—plays, buy—buys ④不规则变化。如：have—has，be—is (2)动词现在分词形式的构成 ①一般情况下，在动词词尾加ing。 go—going，play—playing，teach—teaching，work—working ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing。 write—writing，come—coming，make—making，write—writing ③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ing。 run—running，swim—swimming，shop— shopping, drop—dropping ④以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加ing。 die—dying，lie—lying, tie—tying (3)动词过去式的构成 ①一般情况下，在动词词尾加ed。 work—worked，play—played ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加d。 close—closed，arrive—arrived ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed。 cry—cried，study—studied，carry—carried，hurry—hurried，worry—worried ④以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后这个辅音字母再加ed。 stop—stopped，drop—drop