专题04 必修三语法知识精练讲（语法提炼+经典例句）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题04 必修三语法知识精练讲（语法提炼+经典例句） Unit 1 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 (1) Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 2. 不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 (1) My wish is to find apart-time job this summer. (2) I was disappointed at this decision. 3．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。 (1) Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 4. 作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1．单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前。有些-ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人……的”。 (1) He brought us surprising news. 2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。 (1) The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 3. 现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 4．动词-ing形式作定语，也有被动形式。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. Unit 2 一、动词-ing形式作状语 1. -ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首; 作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 (1) Swallowing Little Red Hat, the wolf went to bed and slept. (时间状语) (2) I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. (原因状语) (3) Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. (条件状语) (4) His father died,leaving him a lot of money.（结果状语） (5) He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a longtime.（伴随状语） (6) Being tired, they went on working.（让步状语） 2. 非谓语动词作状语时,如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致,动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语,通常由名词或代词来担任,这就是独立主格结构。 (1) The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we) (2) Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time,而不是the football match) 二、动词ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后,补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 (1) A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. (2) I felt my heart beating violently when I was seeing