专题1.易错点+常考语法背诵-2022-2023学年第二学期八年级英语期末考点梳理+期末真题精练精析（浙江专用）

一．询问疾病，不适及突发状况 1. What’s the matter (with…)? 2. What’s wrong (with…)? 3. What’s the trouble (with…)? 4. What happened (to…)? 5. Is there anything wrong (with…)? 6. What’s up (with...)? 答语，表示“患病或者不舒服”的常用结构： （1）主语+have/get/catch a(n)+疾病名称(have更常见). e.g. have a cold/ fever/cough (某些搭配中还会使用catch，如catch a cold等) （2）主语+have/has+a+身体部位-ache. e.g. headache/toothache/stomachache/backache （3）主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位. e.g. have a sore back/throat/neck （4）身体部位+hurt(s) e.g. My back hurts too much. （5）There is something wrong with one’s +部位. e.g. There is something wrong with my neck. 二．反身代词的用法 含有反身代词的常用短语如下: hurt oneself  伤到自己 cut oneself 切到自己 teach oneself/learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 for oneself  亲自；为自己 help oneself (to)... 随便（吃/用）… relax oneself 放松自己 dress oneself  给自己穿衣服 look after oneself  照顾自己 take good care of oneself 照顾好自己 talk to oneself 自言自语 believe in oneself 相信自己 三．动词不定式 1.定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 2.构成：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，肯定形式常写作to do，否定形式为not to do 。 E.g. He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone. 3.用法: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 (1)作主语: 一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：To learn foreign languages is very useful. =It’s very useful to learn foreign languages. (为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。) (2)作宾语: 主语+谓语+ to do ①常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want/plan/agree/learn/hope/refuse/decide to do 等。 ②常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。 E.g. I think it is helpful to do exercise. (3) 作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有tell, ask, want, teach, promise, expect, wish, invite, would like等。 例: They asked him to sing a pop song at the party. (4) 作表语: 动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：My job/ dream/goal/aim is… 例： His dream is to study abroad in the near future． (5) 作定语: 动词不定式作定语时，应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 例： I want to have something to eat. She got a job to take care of an old man. (6) 作状语 动词不定式可用来作目的状语（放在句首或句尾），原因状语（跟在作表语的形容词后面）和结果状语（用在too…to结构中）。 She raised her voice to be heard better．目的状语 I’m sorry to troub