2023年中考英语语法专项课件 非谓语动词

语法专项-非谓语动词 非谓语动词的分类、特征 定义:非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。 英语中动词有两种形式:1谓语形式 2非谓语形式; 动词的谓语形式必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。受主语的限定,因此又被称为动词的限定形式(Finite Forms of Verbs). 非谓语形式不受主语的限制,因此又被称为动词的非限定形式,确切地讲,非谓语动词实际上指动词的非谓语形式。 非谓语动词概述 56中 赵荣 非谓语所作成分非谓语所作成分 动词的非谓语动词分为三大类①动词不定式;②动名词;③分词 56中 赵荣 非谓语作状语的区别 (一)不定式作状语 (to do) √表目的 【例】He sat down to have a rest. √表结果 表示事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面 【例 1】He woke up to find everybody gone. 【例 2】I hurried to school, only to find the gate is locked. 56中 赵荣 2. 现在分词作状语 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 3. 过去分词作状语 【例】 Trapped by strong winds and deep snow, Andy made a hole in the snow and crawled into a survival bag. 表主动 表被动 56中 赵荣 1、_ enough time and money, the investigator would have been able to discover more evidence in this case. A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Being given 【答案】 B 【解析】非谓语动词用法题。given enough time and money在这里是过去分词作状语,相当于if,unless等引导的从句。如:Given another chance,I'll do it much better.(如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。) 两者都可以之意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) prefer to do. =prefer doing I prefer to read a newspaper=I prefer reading a newspaper 非谓语动词作宾语的比较 56中 赵荣 两者都可以之意义相反 非谓语动词作宾语的比较 stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 【例1】When the students saw me, they stopped talking. 【例2】When the students saw me, they stopped to listen carefully. 56中 赵荣 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生) go on to do 接着做另外一件事 go on doing 接着做同一件事 try to do(努力去做,尽力) try doing(尝试做,试着做) mean to do(打算做) mean doing(意味着) 【例】I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot. 【例】Missing this train means waiting for another hour. can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做某事) 两者都可以之意义不同 非谓语动词作宾语的比较 Even today I still remember the great difficulty I had _ English in the village 20 years ago. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 【答案】C 【关键词(句)】:have difficulty (in)doing sth做某事有困难 【解析】甚至到今天我依然记得20年前在农村学习英语的巨大困难。 have