2023年中考英语二轮复习学案 主动、被动语态

主动被动语态 一、定义 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 e.g.:我们扫地了。 e.g.:地被我们打扫过了。 We swept the floor. The floor was swept by us. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 （主动语态的结构） 宾语提前 + be动词 + 谓语（过去分词）+ by + 主语 (被动语态结构) Tips: （1）将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。 （2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。 （3）将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语. E.g.1: We heard her sing an English song. 被动： She was heard to sing an English song by us. E.g.2: He is asking us a lot of questions. E.g.3: I will post a letter tomorrow morning. E.g.4: I sent him a present. E.g.5: My father bought me a new bike. We are being asked a lot of questions by him. A letter will be posted tomorrow morning by me. A present was sent to him by me. A new bike was bought for me by my father. E.g.2: He is asking us a lot of questions. E.g.4: I sent him a present. E.g.5: My father bought me a new bike. ①双宾语结构 及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 及物动词+直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语 双宾语的动词特征：ask, send, buy, bring, lend, teach, take, choose, book等动词 具有两种表达方式。 ask sb sth = ask sth for sb send sb sth = send sth to sb buy sb sth = buy sth for sb lend sb sth = lend sth to sb teach sb sth=teach sth to sb …… We are being asked for a lot of questions by him. A present was sent to him by me. A new bike was bought for me by my father. The door is left open by him. She is called our monitor. ②主语 + 谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的成分) He leaves the door open. We call her our monitor. 只把宾语改为被动句的主语，谓语改成be+动词过去分词，宾语补足语不变 ③ 谓语动词含有情态动词时，结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 We must finish it at once. We should open the window to get air through. It should be finished by us at once. The window should be opened by us… ( )1. Everybody _____ deeply after they heard the story. A. moves B. moved C.is moved D. was moved ( ) 2. —Does she like singing English songs? —Yes. She _____ to sing English songs in her room. A. often does B.is often heard C. often hears D. often heard ( ) 3. Tom didn't appear at Mary's birthday party because he _____. A. didn't invite