内容正文:
第五讲 引人入胜的开头与回味无穷的结尾
一、引人入胜的开头
开头一般来说要做到开门见山,使读者了解要谈什么,最好能立刻吸引读者的兴趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法:
1.书信的常用开头法——开门见山法
(1)I'm writing to invite you to see the Chinese papercutting exhibition.
我写信邀请你来看中国剪纸艺术展。
(2)I am writing to tell you some good news.
我写信告诉你一些好消息。
2.记叙文的常用开头法
(1)故事背景法——交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等
A week before Earth Day,posters were put up around our school,calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
地球日的前一周我们学校贴了很多海报,号召我们加入绿化地球的行动中。
(2)往事追忆法——回忆过去发生的某件事
I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago,when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.
我仍旧记得三年前我进入这所学校的第一天,当我发现在第一节英语课上很难跟上老师的节奏时是多么紧张。
3.说明文的常用开头法
(1)点明中心法——开门见山点明所要介绍的事物
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
鼠标是人们用电脑交流时使用的一种非常有效的设备。
(2)引入数据法——运用数据引出所要论证的主题
A recent study shows that more than 40% of the school kids don't have breakfast.
最近的研究表明,有超过40%的学生不吃早饭。
4.议论文的常用开头法
(1)点明主题法——提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明或论述的主题
Years of school life has taught me a lot of things,of which teamwork is the most important for me.
多年的学校生活教会我很多东西,其中团队协作对于我来说最为重要。
(2)引用名言法——摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头
When it comes to how to succeed,many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
当谈及如何成功时,很多人或许会想起谚语“有志者,事竟成”。
A saying goes like that “Time and tide wait for no man.”
俗话说,“岁月不待人。”
(3)列举实例法——通过一个实例或现象引出话题
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and couldn't go to my ideal school.
三年前我在人生的一次重要考试中失利,无法去我理想的学校。
5.图画作文的常用开头法
描述图画法——描写图画内容,为下文作好铺垫
What is illustrated in the picture is that parents expect too much from their child and try every means to encourage her to work harder.However,the daughter feels unhappy,or rather more stressed.
图画里描述的是父母对孩子怀有很高的期望,想尽一切办法鼓励她更加努力学习。然而,女儿感到伤心,更确切地说,压力更大了。
Every time I see the photo,I will think of my childhood.
每当我看到这张照片,我就会想起我的童年。
二、回味无穷的结尾
结尾有概括全文内容,进一步强调中心思想、升华主题的作用。主要有以下写法:
1.书信的常用结尾法
(1)表示感谢法
①I'll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter