Unit 4 Discovering useful structures 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering useful structures 0 1 Attribute 0 2 Adverbial Infinitives 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. Discuss their functions and meanings. Adverbial Adverbial Adverbial Attribute Attribute 3 Infinitives 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 不定式做定语 不定式及其短语作定语，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作。 1. I’d like to have a few books to read during the trip. 2. The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 只用不定式做定语的几种情况： 1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, time, wish等抽象名词 …（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词） 1. The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 6 只用不定式做定语的几种情况： 2.当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。 1. He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 2. You are the only person to be late. 3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.b. 7 只用不定式做定语的几种情况： 3.当被修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 8 特别提醒① 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 1. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 2. Here is some paper for you to write on.  9 特别提醒② 不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句子中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义；如果句子中没有该不定式的逻辑主语，则不定式应使用被动形式。 1. I have something to type. 2. Boss, do you have anything to be typed? 10 不定式做状语 动词