重点语法复习-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语-2022-2023学年高一下学期英语期末综合复习（2020译林版）

重点语法复习- 非谓语动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 非谓语动词作定语和状语的用法是语法填空的常考点，从形式上看，主要考查动词不定式的一般式，现在分词的一般式和过去分词；非谓语动词作状语的考查频率相对更高。 非谓语动词分类：①动词不定式　②动名词　③现在分词　④过去分词 非谓语动词备考：非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语和表语 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done × × √ √ √ √ 过去 一般式 done(vt.) 表被动 与完成 × × √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room=a room for reading 阅览室 running shoes=shoes for running 跑鞋 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping正在睡觉的婴儿 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading to the top of the hill. →There is a path which leads to the top of the hill有一条通向山顶的小路。 Do you know the boy playing basketball? →Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗? 动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast. →After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。 2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. →Since he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。 3.表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语。 He was admitted into a key university, making his parents very proud. →He was admitted into a key university, and it made his parents very proud.他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。 4.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. →If you work hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。 5.表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。 Surfing the Internet every day, I limit the