内容正文:
第四章 介 词
一、概述
介词又叫作前置词,是用来表明两个词或短语之间关系的词。 它是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分,需
要和它后面的词一同充当句子成分。
按照构成形式,介词可分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、带-ing 词尾的介词和短语介词等。
1.
简单介词,即单个单词构成的介词,如 about、above、after、against、among、around、as、at、before、
behind、beside、besides、between、by、despite、during、except、for、from、in、like、unlike、near、of、off、on、over、
past、since、than、through、till、to、under、until、up、with 等。
He
arrived
before
me.
他比我先到。
The
path
led
through
the
trees
to
the
river.
这条小路穿过树林通向那条河。
2.
合成介词,即由两个词合成的介词,如 inside、 outside、 into、 onto、 nearby、 throughout、 within、
without 等。
Come
into
the
house.
进屋里来吧。
Both
plans
have
been
tried,
but
without
success.
两个方案都试了试,但没有成功。
3.
双重介词,即两个简单介词重叠在一起构成的介词,如 from
among、 from
behind、 from
under、
outside
of 等。
The
two
girls
suddenly
emerged
from
among
the
bushes.
那两个女孩儿突然从树丛中冒了出来。
The
boys
are
playing
football
outside
of
the
classroom.
男孩儿们正在教室外面踢足球。
4.
带-ing 词尾的介词,即由动词的现在分词转化而来的介词,如 concerning、considering、 following、
including、regarding 等。
Following
the
speech,
there
will
be
a
few
minutes
for
questions.
演说之后,将会有几分钟的提问时间。
I
have
nothing
to
say
regarding
this
matter.
对于这件事我无话可说。
5.
短语介词,即一个短语行使介词的功能,如 according
to、along
with、because
of、due
to、thanks
to、by
means
of、in
honor
of、in
place
of、in
front
of、on
behalf
of 等。
Life
becomes
richer
because
of
the
offer
of
love.
生活因为爱的给予而变得更加丰富。
The
deaf
often
communicate
by
means
of
signs.
失聪者经常借助手语交流。
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二、常见介词的基本用法
1.
方位介词
(1)
between,
among
介词 用法 例句
between 指两者之间,或两部分之间
The
ball
rolled
between
his
feet.
球在他两脚之间滚来滚去。
among 指三者或三者以上之间
They
strolled
among
the
crowds.
他们在人群中信步而行。
(2)
across,
through,
over,
past
介词 用法 例句
across
侧重从表面上通过
To
save
time,
I
walked
across
the
park.
为了节省时间,我从公园穿了过去。
through 侧重从事物内部穿过
The
thief
got
in
through
the
window.
那个盗贼是从窗户进来的。
over
侧重翻到障碍