内容正文:
情态动词特点
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.他很快就来。
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你。
用法
首先它是助动词,只能和一个动词一起用,表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。
用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形
用法要点
can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
此时可用be able to代替,但是Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。
如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。(和may一样,但更口语化。 )
Can I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can
(即:could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。
Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
Winter can be very cold here.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.How can this be true?
may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法:
-May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 请抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 请不要抽烟。
在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可,但 can 较随便,may 更正式。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
Maybe perhaps probably possible互换
1. He may /might be very busy now.
2. Your mother may /might not know the truth.
must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
Must we hand in our exercise books today?
Yes, you must. No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2 )Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 must 侧重说话者的主观看法,认为有必要有义务去做某事。have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不,被迫”之意。
My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school.
He play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
I had to work when I was at your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2. Your mother