小升初语法复习-动词（讲义）人教PEP版英语六年级下册

人教版小学英语六年级期末复习知识分类(八) (动词) 知识梳理 动词：指表示动作或状态的词。按照动词的词义和在句子中的作用，动词可分为四类：系动词、情态动词、助动词和实义动词。 一、be动词 1. be动词随着人称的变化而变化为am, is, are 2. be动词的过去式:am/is—was, are—were 3. be动词的否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式), is not=isn't, are not=aren't, was not=wasn't, were not=weren't 二、情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但它必须接实义动词原形才能构成句子的谓语。 情态动词有:can, could, must, would, may, shall, should等。其否定形式为can't, couldn't, mustn't, wouldn't, shouldn't等。 三、助动词do, does, did的用法 1. do用来构成一般现在时的疑问句，否定式don't用来构成一般现在时的否定句，后面都接动词原形。does和doesn't则用于主语为第三人称单数的句子。 如:They go to school by bus. Do they go by bus? They don't go by bus. Amy swims with Sarah. Does Amy swim with Sarah? Amy doesn't swim with Sarah. 2. did用于构成一般过去时的疑问句，否定式didn't用来构成一般过去时的否定句，后面都接动词原形。 如:I liked apples before. Did you like apples before?I didn't like apples before. 四、实义动词：表示动作和状态，能独立作为谓语。小学阶段的英语动词有：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式四种形式。 五、(一)动词的三单形式 形式 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s get-gets,leave-leaves 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh, -o结尾 词尾加-es teach-teaches,wash-washes fix-fixes,go-goes 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i,再加-es fly-flies,cry-cries, 特殊情况 have-has (二)现在分词 形式 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-ing go-going 以不发音字母e结尾 的动词 先去掉e,再加ing come-coming, take-taking 末尾只有一个辅音 字母的重读闭音节 先双写最后一个辅音 字母,再加-ing get-getting,sit-sitting, begin-beginning (三)动词的过去式 动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1.动词过去式规则变化表 形式 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-ed look-looked,play-played 以不发音字母e结尾 词尾加-d live-lived,like-liked 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 先变y为,再加-ed study-studied 末尾只有一个辅音字母 的重读闭音节动词 双写最后一个辅音字 母,再加-ed stop-stopped plan-planned 词尾ed的发音有三种情况：1.在清辅音后读[t]，如looked；2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d],如opened;3.在[t]、[d]后面读[id],如wanted。 2.小学阶段常见的不规则动词过去式 am/is-was, are-were, buy-bought, have-had, can-could,do-did, drink-drank, fall-fell, feel-felt, find-found,fly-flew, go-went, give-gave, know-knew, leave-left,make-made, read-read, ride-rode, run-ran, sleep-slept,sing-sang, swim-swam, take-took等。 练习检测 一、选词填空，注意词的正确形式。 am is are was were do does did 1. My father a driver, and my mother a doctor. 2. What colour