内容正文:
【小升初】2022-2023学年小学英语语法专项
(讲义+练习)06介词和连词(外研版三起)
一、介词的概念
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独充当句子成分。介词后面一般会接上名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作为它的宾语。
二、介词的分类及用法
(一)表示位置的介词
1、 at, in, on, to
at: (1)表示在小地方。He arrived at the station.
(2)表示“在……附近、旁边”。He is sitting at the desk.
in: (1)表示在大地方。He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
(2)表示“在……范围之内”。Guangdong is in the southeast of China.
on: 表示“毗邻:接壤”。 Russia lies on the north of China.
to: 表示“在……范围外;不接壤”。Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2、 above, over, on
above:表示“在……上方”,不强调是否正对,与 below 相对应。
The bird is flying above my head.
over:表示“在……正上方”,与 under 相对应,over 与物体之间不直接接触。
There is a bridge over the river.
on:表示在某物体上面并与之接触,其对应词也是under。His watch is on the desk
3、 under, below
under:表示“在……正下方”。There is a cat under the table.
below:表示“在……下面”,但不一定在正下方。Please write your name below the line.
4、 in front of, behind
in front of:表示“在……前面”。A boy is standing in front of the house.
behind:表示“在……后面”。There is a basketball behind the door.
5、 near, beside, next to, by
near:指空间或时间上“不远的;接近的”。 John lives near Sam and Amy’s house .
beside:表示“在……旁边”,一般指空间上。A football is beside the door.
next to:表示“紧挨着;与……紧靠的”。
There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School.
by:表示“在附近”,其用法介乎 beside 和 next to 之间。
Come and sit by my side.Some people are fishing by the lake
6、 on the left, on the right, in the middle, between…(and)
on the left:表示“在……左边”。The bookstore is on the left.
on the right:表示“在……右边”。The hospital is on the right of the library.
in the middle:表示“在……中间”。The car is in the middle of the road. between...(and):表示“在……(和……)之间”。
There is a tree between the two houses.
Dongguan is between Shenzhen and Guangzhou.
(二)表示时间的介词
1、 in, on,at
in:表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer, in September, in the morning, in the evening
on:表示具体某一天或特指某一天的早、中、晚。
on May 1st,on Monday,on Sunday afternoon,on New Year’s Day,on a cold nigh
at:表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间。
at 3:20,at noon, at night, at this time of year, at the beginning of.... at the end