内容正文:
【小升初】2022-2023学年小学英语语法专项
(讲义+练习)05形容词和副词(外研版三起)
一、形容词
1.形容词是主要用来修饰名词的词,表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。
2.形容词可以直接修饰名词,表示“……的”。
a good student, a busy man, a wonderful friend, a lucky panda, an interesting day
3. 形容词也可以放在系动词之后。
That girl is clever. That sounds nice.
It looks good. You are going to stay hungry.
Are you feeling angry? Daming is interested in space travel very much.
She became blind and deaf. She is doing exercise but it gets too hot.
二、副词
1.副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或全句的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2.副词修饰动作时“……地”,一般放在动词之后。
They are dancing happily. The birds are singing beautifully.
Joe draws very well. Listen to the teacher carefully.
【注】在be,feel,smell,taste,get,become,sound,look,turn等连系动词之后,应该用形容词而不是副词。
I feel sad when I see the film. It sounds good. The food tastes delicious.
You look terrible. What’s the matter? Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
三、形容词变副词的规则
1.大部分形容词在其词尾直接加ly变成副词。
real—really, quiet—quietly, helpful—helpfully, bad—badly
slow—slowly, quick—quickly, careful—carefully, bright—brightly
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加ly变成副词。
busy—busily,easy—easily happy—happily
3.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以le结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加y或ly变成副词。
gentle—gently , true—truly
(2)并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词,有的名词加ly是形容词。
friend—friendly(友好的), mother—motherly(母亲般的),
father—fatherly(父亲般的), sister—sisterly(姐妹般的),
brother—brotherly(兄弟般的), love—lovely(可爱的),
day—daily(每日的)
(3)有些名词加y变成形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅
音字母,需双写该辅音字母再加y。
rain—rainy,snow—snowy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,sun—sunny,
fog—foggy,fun—funny,luck—lucky,health—healthy
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词和副词都有等级的变化,表示“更……”或“最……”。
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1) 规则变化
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况下,+er /+ est
great
tall
clever
greater
taller
cleverer
the greatest
the tallest
the cleverest
以不发音的e 结尾的单音节词,+r / + st
large
nice
wide
larger
nicer
wider
the largest
the nicest
the widest
以辅音字母加Y结尾的双音节词,改 y为i,再
+er / + est
heavy
easy
happy
early
heavier
easier
happier
earlier
the heaviest
the easiest
the happiest
the earliest
以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,再+er /+ est