必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【创新教程】2024高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（新教材，译林版）

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ.阅读理解 The COVID crisis has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their companies and to be sure, science needs defenders these days. But in their passion to fight back against vaccine (疫苗) rejection and other forms of science denial (否定), some scientists say things that just aren't true. One popular move is to insist that science is right—full stop—and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such truths (they suggest) is stupid or ignorant. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had decided, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered. Some familiar examples are Earth as the center of the universe, the absolute nature of time and space, the stability of continents, and the causes of infectious disease. Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is actually wrong. Science can also be understood as an institution (or better, a set of institutions ) that promotes this work. To say that science is “true” or “permanent” is like saying that “marriage is permanent”. At best, it's a bit off­key. Marriage today is adapted to a world that is very different from what it was in the 16th or 18th century, so are most of our “laws” of nature. They are at best, true for now or true until proven otherwise. In my view, the biggest mistake scientist make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn't get it is dumb. Yet science is not simple, and neither is the natural world where the greatest challenge of science communication lies. Scientific theories are not perfect copies of reality, but we have good reasons to believe that they capture (捕获) significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us. 1．What can we lear