内容正文:
【小升初】2022-2023学年小学英语语法专项
(讲义+练习) 01名词(外研版三起)
一、名词:
1、名词的概念:表示人、物、事、时、地等实体或抽象概念的词叫作名词。
2、名词的分类:见下图
3、名词的数:
英语语法中,名词有两种数的形式:1)单数(表示一个人或事物);
复数(表示多个的人或数)。只有可数名词才有复数形式。
可数名词的单数形式前面要用a / an, 表示特指的时候,前面要用the,谓语动词用单数形式。如: I can see a cat in the tree. Could you please give me an orange?
The girl is a Chinese.
单数可数名词前加a或 an。其选择按: 单词开头是发元音的用an,单词开头发辅音的用a. 如:a book , an hour, an apple, an email, an egg
单数可数名词变复数变化规则如下:(用于两个,两个以上复数的意义)
1)一般在词末加s;
boat-boats book-books road-roads orange-oranges animal-animals mistake-mistakes
2)以s, x, ch, sh 部分o 结尾的在词末加es;
bus-buses class-classes glass-glasses box-boxes fox-foxes wish-wishes
watch(手表)-watches sandwich-sandwiches toothbrush-toothbrushes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变字母y为i再加es;
party-parties country-countries city-cities lady-ladies library-libraries
history-histories dictionary-dictionaries story-stories body-bodies candy-candies
4)以fe或f结尾的词,变f或fe为v再加es;
half-halves leaf-leaves shelf-shelves wife-wives life(生命)-lives knife-knives
5)不规则的词(特殊)
foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children man-men woman-women fireman-firemen
policeman-policemen Chinese-Chinese people-people sheep-sheep
4、不可数名词:
不可数名词不能按个数来计算,前面不能加 a / an, 但是特指时,也要加 the,在句子中谓语动词对应地要用单数形式。
如:No news is good news. There is lots of rice in the bag.
The milk in the bottle is fresh.
【注】不可数名词不能用 many 表示“许多”,而要用much 或者 lots of /a lot of等来表示。
常见不可数名词有:food, cheese, juice, coffee, tea, life(生活), fire(火), information, meat, fish, milk, rice, water, bread, toast, jam, soybean milk, orange(橘子水), hair, homework, housework, time, weather, snow, rain,soup,joy,
不可数名词的计量方法
1)用much/some/a little/little/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+不可数名词。
如:some water a little milk a lot of money
2)一般用“数字+计量单位+of+名词”来表示不可数名词的量。
如:a piece of paper two pieces of advice
a glass of milk three cups of tea
a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk
【注】这种形式用在句子中,谓语动词的形式随量词的变化而变化。
如:There are three cups of tea on the tea table.