专题08 体裁微解—议论文-备考2023年高考英语历年阅读理解真题专题解析+仿真模拟 （全国通用）

专题08 体裁微解—议论文 ( 题型分析 ) 议论文，也叫说理文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法,来确定其观点的正确或错 误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、 论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅;论据是 支撑论点的材料;论证是用论据来证明论点的方法 和过程。 ( 解题策略 ) 研读首段，确定论点 议论文的宗旨，即论点往往在首段,尤其是首段中有however,but等转折词时, 其后的内容便是论点。 细读中间把握论证方式 中间段是文章的主体部分，即论证部分，作者会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论，论据进行论证，这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。 论证方法 举例 引用 对比 列数字 关注尾段 尾段是结论部分，要弄清楚作者得出了什么结论 【感悟真题 体验技法】 （2022年全国甲卷） Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they c