内容正文:
中考英语(3)英语语法汇总-形容词和副词
二: 形容词和副词
主要讨论形容词和副词的用法,和他们的比较级最高级,以及形容词转化为副词的规律。
(一)形容词和副词的用法
形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
副词在句中主要作状语。
1.形容词的功能
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
2)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,eg: something new
3) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。Eg: afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
(对) The girl is afraid.
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
2.副词的功能
1). 副词的分类
(1)时间副词:
①表确定时间,today, yesterday, tomorrow,一般用于句尾,强调时用于句首。
eg:It’s Sunday today. Tomorrow morning I’ll go to the park.
②表不确定时间,recently, soon, already, yet,可用于句尾,用于句中(be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前),也可用于句首。eg:Have you seen any films recently, Sandy?
③表频率,always, often, sometimes, usually, never, seldom,一般用于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
sometimes可用于句首或句尾。eg:The boys seldom eat chicken but the girls often eat it.
(2)地点副词:home here, there, up, down, around,位于动词之后。eg:I must stay home to look after my sister.
(3) 方式副词:fast, quickly, slowly, happily,位于不及物动词之后,或句尾。
eg:Lily ran quickly and caught the bus.
The children were playing happily.
(4) 程度副词:very, quite, rather, too,常用于所修饰词之前;eg:It is quite a nice horse. English is very useful.
enough,用于所修饰的形容词、副词之后。The little boy is old enough to go to school.
(5) 疑问副词:when, whe re, why, how,位于特殊疑问句句首。eg:Where were you born?
(6) 连接副词:when, where, why, how,引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。eg:Could you tell me why Kate didn’t come to school today?
(7) 副词连用的顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词;多个时间副词、地点副词连用时,按“由小到大”的顺序。
eg:The students all worked very hard there yesterday.
My daughter was born at 4:30 in the afternoon on April 8th, 1999.
2)、一般副词的位置
(1)副词常放在所修饰的动词后面或句末
The girl dances very well. 这个女孩跳舞跳得好。
We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。
有时也放在主语后面,谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。
eg:She angrily closed the door.
置于句中的副词,若碰上助动词,则通常放在助动词之后、主要动词之前.
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