专题03 题型突破—主旨大意题-备考2023年高考英语历年阅读理解真题专题解析+仿真模拟 （全国通用）

专题03 题型突破—主旨大意题 ( 题型分析 ) 思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较好地反映了学生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类:标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。 【选项特征】 正确选项特征: 概括性强 范围恰当 精准到位 干扰选项特征 : 以偏概全 偷梁换柱 无中生有 概括过度 ( 解题策略 ) 技法一 标题归纳题 “高度概括”定标题 记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。 【设问方式】 1. What is the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best title for the text? 3. What can be a suitable title for the text? 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? 5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 此类试题的解题流程如下: 关键词法--多次出现的词语或观点是体现主旨的关键词 主题句法--依主题句定中心词 穿珠连串法--从文章细节中找共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，断定标题 逆向思维法--考虑四个选项的可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳标题 概括精准 融合标题 统领全文 醒目新颖 概括范围窄,只含某个细节 排除干扰项 概括范围宽,超出文章内容 包含文中未提及的信息 「感悟真题·体验技法」 (2022·浙江1月·C) The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever growing list. New research found that middle aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症)in later lifeand if they did,it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder,of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said:“These findings are exciting because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak work- load was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher, while 92 women were in the medium fit- ness category. A total of 59 were of low fitness level,with a peak workload of 80 watts or less,or having their tests stopped because of health problems. These women were th