2023年英语中考语法知识--非谓语动词的讲解课件和讲义

非谓语动词的讲解 一、非谓语动词的解读 两组动词有什么区别呢？ You are interested in English. It is better to give than to receive. He is swimming in the river. What I like best is swimming. 总结：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。 观察以下非谓语动词 1. To say is one thing and to do is another. 2. I want to study English well. 3. Looking after old men is my job. 4. Do you know the boy lying there? 5. I saw her mother beaten by a man. 在句中是否独立用作谓语，可把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 二、知识点解读 知识点1：动词不定式 动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。 动词 不定式 构成: 不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形。 功能 说明 例句 作主语 不定式作主语,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。 To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 注意 同一句型中不同介词的不同含义 It is + adj + for sb to do sth（for引出动作发出者）表示事物特征特点。 It is + adj + of sb to do sth（of引出adj修饰的对象）表示人物的性格。 It's very hard for him to study two subjects. 对他来说学两门科目是很难的。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。  作表语 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语。 My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room every day is my work. 作宾语 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。 —What sports does he like to play? —He likes to play basketball. 作宾补 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。 The boss makes his workers work all day. 注意 在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to He was made to work 12hours a day. 作定语 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。 Do you have anything to say? 作状语 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 ①I’m sorry to trouble you. 表原因 I went to the library to study English. 表目的 He came to show me his new CD player. 表目的 动词不定式与疑问词连用 不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where , how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。 He didn't know what to say. My question is when to start． How to solve the problem is very important Everyone is busy preparing for the party, but I don’t know what to do. 知识点2：动名词. 构成:动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,可接宾语和状语；也有名词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。其用法如下： 功能 例句/说明 作主语 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 作表语 Her job is washing clothes