专题04 语法串讲：现在分词作定语、宾补、表语、状语-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题04语法知识串讲 必修第三册unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 一 非谓语之v.­ing作定语 1．单个动词的­ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 · building materials＝materials for building建筑材料 · a reading room＝a room for reading阅览室 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 · a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody 一个困扰人的问题 · a surprising result＝a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 · developing countries＝countries that are developing发展中国家 2．v.­ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 · They lived in a room facing the street.＝They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 · The man standing there is Peter's father.＝The man who is standing there is Peter's father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 3．v.­ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 · The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. ＝The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。 · His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. ＝His brother, who is working as a teacher，lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥住在北京，是个老师。 作定语的v.­ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。 [误]The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. [正]The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。 动词­ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。 [误]The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. [正]The temple(which has been)destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 二、非谓语之v.­ing形式作表语 v．­ing形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。 · My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。 · My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。 现在分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置。 误：Interesting is my job. 正：Teaching is my job. 练习 1．Her job is (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible. 2． (clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 3．No one has come up with a