8、第4讲 主旨大意题-【名师伴你行】2023高考英语二轮复习专题训练教师用书课件PPT（新高考）

第4讲 主旨大意题 第1页 （新）高考二轮复习·英语　 　　思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征,而主旨大意题较好地反映了考生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨,推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力,即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力,又考查深层次的推理和概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类:段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。 第1页 （新）高考二轮复习·英语　 [高 考 真 题] (2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. 　　More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. 第1页 （新）高考二轮复习·英语　 　　They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. 　　The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. 　　Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. 第1页 （新）高考二轮复习·英语　 　　This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained sta