易错点09 动词的语态-备战2023年中考英语考试易错题（全国通用）

易错点09 动词的语态 易错考点【01】被动语态的基本结构 从中考阅卷可以看出，好多孩子因为对被动的语态(特别是现在完成时的被动语态。)的基本结构掌握不牢而出错，现整理如下，请一定记牢： 语态 构成 例句 一般现在时 的被动语态 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 的被动语态 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 的被动语态 am/is/are+being+done The room is being cleaned by them. 过去进行时 的被动语态 was/were+being+done The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 一般将来时 的被动语态 will/shall/be(is,am,are) going to+be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去将来时 的被动语态 would/should/be(was,were)going to+be+done We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 现在完成时 的被动语态 have/has+been+done The radio has not been turned on yet. 过去完成时 的被动语态 had+been+done Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词＋be+done Your homework must be finished today. 易错考点【02】主动语态与被动语态辨析 中考中，以下四种情况多用被动语态（可简记为：主语是物，不知道，没必要，需强调，被动语态一定要.）： 1. 动作的发出者是物。 Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。 2.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。 3. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 4. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的广泛使用） 易错考点【03】常考感官动词的语态，主动语态不带to，被动语态还原to. 主动句中的感官动词 see，hear，watch，feel，notice 等 以及使役动词 let，make，have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式，变 为被动句时，应加上不定式符号 to, 主动语态：We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. 被动语态：The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us. 晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。 易错考点【04】主动结构表示被动意义。 1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动 语态表示被动意义。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirts sells well here. 这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示 被动意义。 School uniforms look good on us. 我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。 3.be worth doing 中,doing 表示被动意义。 This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。 4. want/need/require + doing 相当于 want/need/require+to be done。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。 例：My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to b