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第十章
定语从句
第一节
关系代词和介词+关系代词
知识梳理
当我们用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词的时候,我们把这个形容词叫做那个
名词或代词的定语。然而,在实际运用中,用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词往往
不能完整地表达句意。要完整地表达句意,需要用一个句子来修饰那个名词或代
词才能做到,于是便产生了定语从句。
在英语中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句,叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的
词叫先行词,定语从句在先行词之后(名词/代词十定语从句)。连接先行词和定语
从句的词叫作关系代词或者关系副词。
I can lend you a book which tells lots of things about Spain.(先行词是a book,
关系代词是which)
我能借给你一本讲了许多关于西班牙的事情的书。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.(先行词是The man,关系代词是
who)
住在我们隔壁的人是一位警察。
The room whose window faces south is for my grandparents.(先行i词是The
room,关系代词是whose)
窗户朝南的房间是给我祖父母住的:
I still remember those years when I lived in the country.(先行词是those years,
关系副词是when)
我仍然记得我住在乡下的那些岁月。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer?(先行词是the reason,关系副词是
why)
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
一、关系代词
引导定语从句的关系代词包括that,which,who,whom,whose,as。关系
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代词有三个作用:1.连接主句和从句:2.指代被修饰的先行词(这就是“关系代
词”的由来);3在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,且与先行词保持数
的一致。如:
关系代
在从句中所
代替功能
例句
词
充当的成分
主语
This is the boy who won first prize yesterday.
who
代替人
宾语
This is the boy who I met yesterday.
whom
代替人
宾语
This is the man whom I met yesterday.
The man that is playing the piano now is my
主语
music teacher.
代替人
宾语
Is this the man that you met yesterday?
that
表语
She is no longer the girl that she used to be.
The work that has been finished is very
主语
代替物
important.
宾语
The train that he took was late for an hour.
主语
The book which is about London costs 20 yuan.
which
代替物
宾语
The book which I bought yesterday cost 20 yuan.
The girl whose name is Mary is the top student
代替人
定语
whose
in our class
代替物
定语
The book whose cover is red is about London.
代替人
主语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us
as
代替物
宾语
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
当先行词被such和the same'”修饰时,关系代词用as。
关系代词在从句中充当宾语时通常可以省略(但hom作介词宾语时不可省
略)。如:
This is the boy (whom)I met with yesterday.
◆用适当的关系代词填空。
1.The man
you met just now is my old friend.
2.This is the factory
I visited last year.
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