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第三章
冠词
知识梳理
一、
概念及分类
1.冠词+名词/名词词组
2.冠词①定冠词the②不定冠词a/an)
二、不定冠词的用法
1.不定冠词有a和an两种形式。
①当冠词后的名词的读音是以辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母)开头时用,如:
a university,a useful animal,a one-eyed dog,a European car;
②当冠词后面的名词的读音是以元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)开头时用an,
如an hour,an honest boy,anX-ray,an ugly man,an honor等。
2.用在可数名词前表示“一个”,相当于“one”(类指)
There is a book on the desk
I'll return in a day or two.
3.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个”,相当于“a certain”。
A Mr.White is waiting for you downstairs
4.著名画家或艺术家的姓名前用,表示“一件…的作品”,相当于汉语
中借代的修辞手法。
He bought a Van Gogh.
5.表示“一类”,相当于any(泛指)。
A horse is a useful animal.
6.表示“每一”,相当于per”。
The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen.
7.用在抽象名词前,表示具体的介绍:a+抽象名词,即抽象名词具体化。
This little girl is a joy to her parents.
It is a pleasure to talk with you.
She was a famous beauty in her youth.
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Her husband was a great comfort to her when she was ill.
Her singing is a delight.
三、定冠词的用法
the是唯一的定冠词,表示特指,有时相当于this/that/these/those'”。
1.表示文中再次提到的人或物。
There is a book on the desk.The book is an English book.
2.用在单数可数名词前表示类别。
The horse is a useful animal.
3.表示世界上独一无二的东西,但泛指时用不定冠词。
the sun,the earth,the capital,the sky,the universe
4.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山
川、群岛的名词前。
the United States,the Communist Party of China,the Yellow River,the Rocky
Mountains,the Philippines,the Pacific Ocean,the China of 1840,the Paris of the east,
the late Mr.Brown
5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
the second story,the largest room,the third longest river
6.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。
the poor/rich/dying/old/young/living/
wounded
7.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。
The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast
table.
8.表示弹奏西洋乐器时,用在西洋乐器名词前。
Do you like to play the piano or the violin?
9.用在表示发明物的单数名词前。
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
10.用在年代前。
In the 1870's/1870s,when Marx was already in his fifties
11.“the+序数词”表排序,表示“第几”。
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She is thes