第九章 虚拟语气（教师用书）-【高考零起点】2023年新高考英语总复习(新高考地区)

第九章　虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 从句(条件) 主句(结果) if引导的条件句 　 与现在事实相反 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be用were) (If sb.did sth.) 主语＋would(should/could/ might)＋动词原形(sb.would/should/could/might do sth.) 1.If I were you，I should study English. 2.I would certainly go if I had time. 与过去事实相反　　 If＋主语＋had＋动词的过去分词(If sb.had done sth.) 主语＋would(should/could/might)＋have＋动词的过去分词(sb.would/should/could/might have done sth.) 1.If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the test. 2.If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train. 与将来事实相反 If＋主语＋ 1.动词的过去式(be动词用were) 2.should＋动词原形 3.were to＋动词原形 主语＋would(should/could/might)＋动词原形 (sb.would/should/could/might/might do sth.) 1.If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off. 2.If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. 条件从句中省略if 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were提到主语之前。 如： 原句： If she were younger，she would do it. 去掉if: Were she younger，she would do it. 错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示的时间不一致) 根据从句与主句表示的不同时间，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况进行调整。 1.If you had worked hard yesterday，you would be tired now. 2.If she had followed the doctor's advice，she would be quite all right now. (从句——对过去虚拟；主句——对现在的虚拟) {JZ含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise，or，without，but for等)、 上下文或其他方式来表示。此时，应根据句子表达的实际情况，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况，选用主句中相应的动词形式。 1.Without air，there would be no living things. 2.I would have given you more help，but I was busy. 3.I was very busy yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to see you. 【翻译】 1．如果明天下雨，我们就会推迟运动会。 If it ____________ tomorrow，we would have to put off the sports meeting. 【答案】 rained/should rain/were to rain 2．如果你早点听我的话，那你现在就不会感到抱歉了。　 If you ______________ me earlier，you ____________ sorry now. 【答案】 had listened to；wouldn't be 【解析】 混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况，所以要用would＋do。 3．要是没有我英语老师的帮忙，我不可能在这次英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。 But for the help of my English teacher，I ______________ first prize in the English Writing Competition. 【答案】 would not have won 【解析】 but for 意为“