内容正文:
专题一 短文改错
设题角度
[对应学生用书P56]
一、根据词法解决词法类的试题
(2022·全国甲卷·短文改错)I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
[解析] stay→staying 考查非谓语动词。句意:我不愿意和他谈论,也经常违背不和朋友出去太晚的规则。of为介词,后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故将stay改为staying。
(2022·全国乙卷·短文改错)Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
[解析] bicycle→bicycles 考查名词。句意:如果用自行车代替汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词,由句中的cars和句意可知,此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
(2022·全国甲卷·短文改错)I felt so closely to him.
[解析] closely→close 考查形容词。句意:我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词,后面用形容词作表语,表示“亲近的”,closely为副词,此处用close。故将closely改为close。
they → you (2022·全国乙卷·短文改错)If you ride a bicycle,you don't use petrol.So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution.
[解析] 考查代词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
(2022·全国乙卷·短文改错)Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
[解析] 在because后加of 考查介词。句意:也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”,后面接从句,短语because of表示“因为”,后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
【归纳】
词法的测试包括:名词的单复数和名词的所有格;定冠词和不定冠词的用法;动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词;情态动词;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例,我们需要特别注意。对于这类题,我们要仔细分析句子成分,细心观察,并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。
二、根据句法解决句法类的测试题
(2022·全国甲卷·短文改错)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
[解析] what→how 考查连接副词。句意:这分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。 此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来作动词knew的宾语。结合句意,此处表达“如何解决它”,settle it为动宾关系,此处缺少方式状语,用how。故将what改为how。
(2022·全国甲卷·短文改错) One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
[解析] or→and 考查并列连词。句意:一天,他和我交谈,并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境,“talked with me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系,用and连接。故将or改为and。
(2022·全国甲卷·短文改错)The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it.
[解析] too→so 考查状语从句。句意:这分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so...that...”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。
(2022·全国乙卷·短文改错)Whether you ride a