重难点10 完形填空之说明文-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

重难点10 完形填空之说明文（解析版） （建议用时：30分钟） 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。考查趋势是：辨析词义，以实词为主，且第一局不设空，生词量有增无减，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。 中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。 1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。 2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。 3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。 4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。 完形填空的解题方法和技巧： 1）确定填入单词的词性。 2）根据短语的固定搭配。 3）固定的句式结构。 4）利用冒号或者破折号。 5）利用句子在语段中的“地位”。 一、完形填空 COVID - 19 outbreak drives the general public to take measures to protect themselves. In many Asian countries it’s ___1___ to see people wearing masks (口罩) in public. However, this practice is almost unheard-of in many Western countries. In many Asian countries, people with colds are ___2___ to wear masks to prevent others from getting sick. Some people with allergies (过敏症) feel that wearing masks helps them breathe better. Masks have ___3___ become a fashion accessory (配饰). Some people like the mysterious ___4___ masks give them, while others enjoy the feeling of privacy they provide in public. However, in most Western countries, masks are only worn by hospital workers and ___5___. If you wear one in public, people might find it unusual or may worry that you have a terrible disease. What’s more, masks aren’t usually thought as a way to ___6___ illness. Instead, more attention is paid on hand washing, and people who are sick are encouraged to stay home. In addition in ___7___ like France, Italy, and Austria, it is actually against laws to wear a mask in public. The laws try to stop people from hiding their faces for public safety. This is ___8___ wearing a mask would make it more difficult for the police to find a criminal. Some countries ___9___ wearing masks only in high-rick s