重难点05 非谓语动词-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

重难点05 非谓语动词（解析版） （建议用时：30分钟） 根据对非谓语动词部分上海各区模拟及市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一，其考查重点为： 1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法 2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法: 3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用 4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带to: 5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。 非谓语动词的用法 非谓语动词分类 不定式（to do sth）；动名词（v-ing）；现在分词（doing）；过去分词（done）； 初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及使动用法的词现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。 非谓语动词用法： 动词不定式（to do）的用法： 1. 作主语： To learn English well is important. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy. △ 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。 Learning English is important. Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy. △ 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 It’s important to learn English. It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables. 2. 作表语： My job is to teach English./His hobby is to collect stamps. 3. 作宾语： (1).动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词有： want=would like(想要), learn, teach,make up one’s mind=decide=determine(决定做),hope, wish,agree, afford(负担得起),try (do) one’s best(尽力),take actions(采取行动),plan, expect, manage（设法）, fail, offer(主动提出), promise, refuse（拒绝）, pretend(假装),prepare, fear,demand/need(要求，需要),arrange(安排),have ability(有能力)。 He wants to go home at once. I began to play the piano when I was four. 4. 作宾语补足语： (1).动词不定式还可用作双宾的形式，这些动词有 want=would like(想要),task / tell / teach/warn(警告) / wish / need=require=request(需要，要求)/expect /wish/ order =instruct=comand(命令，指示)/ encourage / allow =permit(允许)/ invite / enable / force /advise(建议)/beg(求)/bear(忍受)/drive(驱使)/cause(致使，引起)/persuade(说服) sb. (not)to do sth. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. Mother told me not to come home late. I’d like you to meet my family. 批注：advise sb. to do sth./suggest (that) sb.(should) do sth.(虚拟语气) △使役动词make, let, have后的宾语补足语，其不定式的to要省略。而help 后的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但是改成被动语态时，要加“to”: make/let/have sb. do sth. /help sb.(to) do sth. Could you please help me (to) do some housework? I hear him sing every night. (变成被动语态) →He is heard to sing by me every night.(变成被动语