卷03阅读理解+完形填空+应用文3-【小题仿真卷】冲刺2023年高考英语小题限时集训

小题仿真卷——模实战，提速度 【小题小卷】冲刺2023年江苏高考英语小题限时集训 卷03阅读理解+完形填空+应用文写作3（3） 难度：★★★★☆ 建议用时： 45分钟 正确率 ： 得分 ： 错题分析： I. 阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分） A 【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月度检测】 Many exceptional human skills, such as reading and mastering a musical instrument, require thousands of hours of practice and consistent cognitive effort. Popular scientific theories hold that cognitive effort is experienced as unpleasant and people try to avoid it whenever possible. However, there are many situations in everyday life in which people seem to exert themselves (努力)voluntarily, even if there is no obvious external reward. For example, many people enjoy solving Sudoku puzzles, students are often motivated by challenging intellectual tasks, and amateur pianists can spend hours striving for perfection without any external reward. It is based on these facts that researchers from the University of Vienna and the Technische Universitat Dresden critically questioned whether cognitive effort is always aversive(令人嫌恶的) and sought to address this question in a current project of the Collaborative Research Center(SFB) 940. In the first experiment with 121 participants, the researchers used cardiovascular measurements (activity of the heart)to determine how hard people exerted themselves in cognitive tasks of varying difficulty levels. In one group, reward was directly determined by effort: if a person exerted more effort on difficult levels of the task, they received a higher reward than on easier levels in which they exerted little effort. In the control group, the reward was randomly assigned and was independent of how much effort someone invested. The total reward on offer was kept constant between groups, with only the contingency(可能性)between effort and reward being manipulated. Subsequently, all subjects worked on math tasks where they could choose the difficulty level of the tasks they wanted to work on. “Subjects who had previously been rewarded for effor