技巧练8 词句猜测题（专题微练Word）-【赢在微点·考前顶层设计】2023老高考英语大二轮专题复习

技巧练8　词句猜测题

限时20分钟

　(提示:请利用阅读图解技巧13~15巧解本练习中加黑体的小题)

A　(2022·安徽皖南八校三模)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与动物　难度:★★★☆☆

　　Stories about sled dogs hauling medicine and supplies through the frozen wilderness have become the stuff of legends, but did you know pups are proving just as powerful in the waves as they are on the ice?

In Italy, an elite squadron of 350 specially⁃trained dogs from the Italian School of Water Rescue Dogs (Scuola Italiana Cani Salvataggio, or SICS) has successfully been patrolling the beaches, working as lifeguards. 300 SICS units, consisting of one dog and one trainer, are tasked with watching over approximately 30 of the country􀆳s busiest beaches. Thanks to their willingness to perform, strength, and fearless exploits—including leaping from helicopters into the surf below to rescue at⁃risk swimmers—an average of 20~30 lives are saved annually by the doggie guards, and that number continues to climb each year.

Earlier this month, when several families, including eight children, were endangered by strong wind and wave conditions while 330 feet from shore, three doggie lifeguards and their trainers rushed in to save the day. With the help of their human companions, dogs Eros, Mya, and Mira pulled everyone to safety in about 15 minutes.

The SICS program is the brainchild of 59⁃year⁃old Ferruccio Pilenga, who got the idea that dogs would make excellent lifeguards back in 1989 from watching his own Newfoundland, an immensely powerful swimmer named Mas. “He pulled a water⁃filled boat with three people on board for half an hour,” Pilenga told The Times of London. “A human cannot do that.”

The SICS program is arduous. After 18 months of basic training, only those dogs successfully completing the required steps are considered ready to move on to the more intensive aspects of lifesaving techniques, such as jumping from helicopters and leaping from speeding boats.

本文讲述了SICS项目所培训的救生狗在沙漠里以及海浪中救人。此项目要求严格,因此培训出来的狗每年都会救下很多条生命。

1.What can be learned from paragraph 2?

A. SICS trains both dogs and other animals.

B. Each SICS unit has at least two dogs.

C. The dogs have rescued about 30 lives so far.

D. The dogs􀆳 performance is improving annually.

答案与解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“an average of 20~30 lives are saved annually by the doggie guards, and that number continues to climb each year”可知,这些救生狗每年救下的人数越来越多,因此它们的表现也越来越好,故选D。

2.What is the purpose of paragraph 3?

A. To prove dogs􀆳 loyalty to humans.

B. To show how dogs work with their trainers.

C. To explain the cause of the accident off the shore.

D. To remind swimmers about safety.

答案与解析　B　推理判断题。第三段举例介绍三只救生狗Eros, Mya, Mira在主人的陪同下,仅在15分钟之内就将几个家庭从海上救了回来;由此可知,本段主要表明救生狗与教员是如何合作救人的,故选B。

3.What do we know about Ferruccio Pilenga?

A. He and his children created the SICS program.

B. He got the idea when he was watching a movie about dogs.

C. He thought dogs had advantages over humans as lifeguards.

D. He lost his dog Mas when rescuing some swimmers.

答案与解析　C　细节理解题。由第四段最后两句中“它拉了一艘满是水的船,船上有3个人,拉了半个小时,连人都无法做到。”可知, Pilenga认为,作为救生员,狗比人类有优势,故选C。

4.What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Easy. B. Interesting.

C. Mysterious. D. Challenging.

答案与解析　D　词句猜测题。画线词下文的“the more intensive aspects of lifesaving techniques”说明狗经过了严格的培训才能合格充当救生员,该内容解释了arduous一词,故arduous与challenging (有挑战性的,有考验的)意思相近,故选D。

B　(2022·咸阳二模)　体裁:说明文　主题语境:科学研究成果　难度:★★★★☆

　　Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare or provide support for others in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.

“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents􀆳 health.” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers. The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70 in the Berlin Aging Study. The study team compared this group with those who provided support for non⁃family members, such as neighbors, and