内容正文:
2022-2023学年八年级英语下册单元模块满分必刷题(牛津译林版)
Unit 4 A good read【刷语法】(重点语法提升练)
疑问词+to do和much have to 用法
1、疑问词+to do
一. “疑问词+动词不定式”结构有两种形式:
(1). “疑问词+to+动词原形”
I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat?你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗?
(2). “疑问词+名词+to+动词原形”
I don’t know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
二. “疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中作宾语、表语等
(1). 表语
The question is which to choose. 问题是选哪个。
(2). 宾语
We must know how to operate the machine. 我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。
In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.在马克思的一本书中, 他对如何学习一门外语提出了一些建议。 (作介词on的宾语)
注意:“疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等动词 (词组)之后作宾语。例如:
The teacher told the students how to do the experiment. 老师教学生如何做实验。 (句中 told含有taught的意思)
The young woman doesn’t know what to do. 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。 (句中what不能改换成how)
三. “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时, 相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如:
Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop?= Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?
四. 如何表达“怎么办”
在翻译“怎么办”时, 许多同学译成how to do, 实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误, “怎么办”的实际意义是“做些什么”, 故应用代词what作动词do的宾语, 而不用副词how。只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it。
2、must和have to 用法区别
must 表示主语“必须”做某事,强调说话人的主观意愿; 否定形式mustn’t(禁止)
have to 强调的是客观需要,意思是“不得不,得做某事”。否定形式don’t have to do sth(不必做某事)
have to 有人称和数的变化: has to, had to, will have to。
必须做某事(主观意愿) must do sth.
禁止做某事 mustn’t do sth.
不得不做某事(客观需要)have to do sth.
不必做某事 don’t have to do sth.
拓展:
(1) must用在一般疑问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 或 don’t have to。
—Must I keep the book clean and tidy?
—Yes, you must.
—Must I bring my ID card(身份证)when I come here?
—No, you needn’t.
—No, you don’t have to.
(2) must还可以表示肯定猜测,意思是“一定”。否定的猜测是can’t。
You must be hungry after all that walking.
走了那么远的路,你一定饿了吧。
That can’t be Lucy. She has gone to America.
那肯定不是露西,她已经去了美国。
一、单项选择
1.I am going camping this Saturday. I’ll call Tom to make sure ________.
A.which to start B.what to start C.who to start D.when to start
2.There is some delicious food on the table.