内容正文:
定语从句
【考点解读】
定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题、语法填空及短文改错中,在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法,如常见关系词的选择,在选择的过程中,一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别,定语从句与名词性从句,及状语从句的引导词的区别等,有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查,如与强调句性等,所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律,达到熟练应用。
【命题预测】
定语从句是历年高考的重点, 主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法, 比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等,及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空,短文改错,完型填空等中。
高考频度:★★★★★
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、 常见关系代词的基本用法
1. that
可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)
3. who, whom, whose
(1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人
(2)whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
(3)whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的
(4)whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意:
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。)
4. as
as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
(1)如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同);such …as …(如此,这样); as many/much as(和……一样多);so/as …as(与……一样)等结构中。如:
(2)如为非限制性的,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
例:
1.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____65_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2.(2020·新课标II卷· 短文改错)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
3.(2020·新课标III卷·语法填空)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
4. (2020·新课标III卷·短文改错)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
5.(2020· 山东新高考· 语法填空)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.
6.(2019·新课标III卷·语法填空)They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
7. (2018·新课标