内容正文:
中职英语一轮复习语法专题之
动词不定式
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考纲解读:
山东省职教高考考试大纲要求考生理解动词不定式作表语和状语用法;掌握动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和定语的用法。
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【Learning goals】学习目标
By the end of this class, you’re expected to:
1. 基础目标:理解动词不定式的含义。
2. 拓展目标:掌握动词不定式的用法。
3. 挑战目标:正确运用动词不定式。
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1. 动词不定式的形式:
动词不定式是非谓语动词形式的一种。
其一般式为____________或_____________;
被动式为_______________________;
进行式为_____________________________;
完成式为_______________________;
其各种形式的否定式是分别在其前面加____________, 动词不定式除了不
能作________语外,可以作其它各种成分。
to do
do(不带to)
to be done
to be doing
to have done
not
谓
2.动词不定式的基本用法:
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。它没有人称和数的变化。
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2. 动词不定式的基本用法:
1. 不定式作主语
1) 动词不定式短语作主语时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,
如: To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
2) 不定式短语作主语时,为了考虑句子的平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面。
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常用it 作形式主语的句型结构:
①It+is/ was+adj. (+for/of sb.)+to do sth considerate
It’s very important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说很重要。
It’s foolish of you to give up such a good chance. 你真蠢,放弃这么好的机会。
②It is/was +n+to do sth
It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 照顾老人是我们的义务。
③It takes/took+ sb+ some time +to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work. 完成这项工作花费了我3天的时间。
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2. 动词不定式作宾语
1) 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语,这种形式非常常见,就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do形式,如:want, like, prefer, continue, afford, agree, aim, appear=seem, arrange, ask, decide, choose, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish等。如:I decided to study hard. 我决定要刻苦学习。
2) 在find,think后跟不定式时,常用it代替,而将真正宾语,即不定式放在后面,如:
I find it difficult to achieve one’s goal. 我发现实现一个人的目标并不容易。
find it+adj+to do sth 发现做某事....
I think it easy to get along with him.
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3. 不定式作表语
Her dream is to be a doctor.
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我所建议的是推迟会议
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4. 不定式作宾语补足语 sb be allowed to do sth
1) 不定式作宾补很常见,结构为:动词+sb. to do sth
这样的动词有:advise, allow, encourage, persuade说服, remind, request, require, warn, force逼迫,迫使, invite, order, tell, ask, want, get, would like等,
如:The teacher advised us t