Unit 2 Travelling 单元语法和知识点梳理 2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit2 Travelling 单元语法讲解与训练 1、 have/ has been 和have/has gone的用法 1.have /has been 表示曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。通常可与表示次数的状语连用 .例： (1)He has been to Beijing three times．他去过北京三次。 (2)We have never been to South Hill. 我们还从来没有去过南山。 2. have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。含有人不在现场之意.例: (1)He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks.他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。 (2) —Is Tom at home?汤姆在家吗? —No, he isn't. He has gone to the cinema. 不在。他去看电影了。 知识链接： have/ has been in/at的用法 have/ has been in/at 表示到了某地并且已经待了一段时间，常和since, for引导的时间状语连用。例： (1) Jim has been in Nanjing for years. 已经来南京两年了。 (2) — Have you ever been to Guangzhou ? —No , I have never been there . I came to Nanjing . — So you have been here since 2 years ago ? 你曾经去过广州吗？ 我从来没有去过广州。我来到了南京。所以你已经在南京待了两年了，对吗？ 【注意】 have /has gone 和have/has been 后接副词时(home, here, there ),省略介词.例: (1)I have been here since yesterday. 我昨天就在这儿了. (2)He has gone there for a holiday. 他去那儿度假了. 2、 for 与since的用法 【回顾】部分短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换（可参考Unit1现在完成时的详解） 短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 borrow keep have kept catch a cold have a cold have had a cold buy have have had die be dead have been dead open be open have been open close be closed have been closed marry be married have been married fall ill be ill have been ill fall asleep be asleep have been asleep 1、for 的用法 (1)for后面接一段时间，不能跟时间点连用，用来说明动作延续的时间长度。例： ①We have learned English for three years. 我们学习英语已经差不多三年了。 ②She has lived in Nanjing for ten years. 她已经在南京住了10年了。 (2)“for+一段时间”必须和延续性动词连用，不能和非延续性动词（短暂性动词）连在一起，但是非延续性动词的否定形式可以与“for+一段时间”连用。 例： ① I have had the computer for two years .我买这台电脑已经两年了。（这里用have代替buy,因为buy是非延续性动词） ②She has been back for an hour. 她回来已经一个小时了。（这里用be代替come,因为come是非延续性动词） ③We haven’t seen him for five years.我们已经五年没有看见他了。(非延续性动词see在否定句中可以跟“for+一段时间”连用) 2.Since的用法 (1)since后面接某一时间点，它不能跟一段时间连用，用来说明动作的起始时间。例： ①He has worked in this factory since 1992. 他自从1992年以来就在这个工厂工作。 ②Great changes have taken place since three years ago. 自从三年前，这里已经发生了很大的变化。 (2)Since后面也可以跟橘子，橘子的时态一般用一般过去式。 例： ①They have made lo