内容正文:
专题12 简单句
命题方向
重要指数
考向一 陈述句
(常考点)
考向二 疑问句
(必考点)
考向三 祈使句
考向四 感叹句
(必考点)
考向一 陈述句
例1(2022·重庆·统考中考真题)(否定句)I brush my teeth twice a day. (改为否定句)
I ________ my teeth twice a day.
【答案】don’t brush
【详解】句意:我一天刷两次牙。句子是含有实义动词的一般现在时,主语是I,变否定句时借助助动词don’t,后加动词原形。故填don’t brush。
陈述句的肯定句式
主要有五种基本句型:
1.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)
The rain stopped. 雨停了
2.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语
Children are playing basketball. 孩子们在打篮球。
3.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语
Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。
4.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
My father bought me a computer. 我爸爸给我买了台电脑。
5.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语
He made his sister cried just now. 他刚刚把他妹妹弄哭了。
陈述句的否定句式
1.若句中有连系动词be、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。
His mother has already called the police for help. 他的母亲已经报警求助了。
→His mother hasn’t called the police for help yet. 他的母亲还没有报警求助。
【变式1】(2022·重庆开州·统考一模)I talked to him on the phone yesterday. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ to him on the phone yesterday.
【答案】 didn’t talk
【详解】句意:我昨天和他通过电话。原句中“talked”是动词过去式,改为否定句借助于助动词didn’t,后接动词原形,故填didn’t;talk。
【变式2】(2022·上海·模拟预测)Jenny learns to play the piano on Wednesday evening.(改为否定句)
Jenny ________ ________ to play the piano on Wednesday evening.
【答案】 doesn’t learn
【详解】句意:珍妮星期三晚上学弹钢琴。根据语境可知改为否定句,此处是一般现在时态,变成否定句要借助助动词does+not+动词原形,learn to do sth.“学着去做某事”,故填①doesn't②learn。
【变式3】(2022·重庆·模拟预测)Bob has already finished his homework. (改为否定句)
Bob ________ finished his homework ________.
【答案】 hasn’t yet
【详解】句意:鲍勃已经完成了他的家庭作业。原句时态为现在完成时,其构成为:have/has+动词的过去分词;变否定句,在助动词之后加not;already已经,一般用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中用yet代替放在句末;本题助动词是has,has not的缩写形式为hasn’t。故填hasn’t;yet。
【变式4】(2022·重庆璧山·统考一模)She used to be popular in her primary school. (改为否定句)
She ________ ________ to be popular in her primary school.
【答案】 didn’t use
【详解】句意:她在小学时很受欢迎。根据原句可知,是一般过去时,“used”是实意动词,改为否定句时需要借助助动词did+not;动词used成为原形use。故填didn’t;use。
【变式5】(2022·重庆·模拟预测)Nick will do sports with his classmat