内容正文:
专题11 动词的非谓语形式
命题方向
重要指数
考向一 动词不定式
(必考点)
考向二 动名词
(必考点)
考向三 分词
考向一 动词不定式
例1(2021·上海·统考中考真题)(动词不定式的一般式)The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday.
A.finish B.finishes C.finishing D.to finish
【答案】D
【详解】句意:经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。
考查非谓语动词。finish完成,动词原形;finishes完成,动词第三人称单数;finishing完成,动词现在分词/动名词;to finish完成,动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式。故选D。
例2(2022·广西百色·中考真题)(动词不定式的否定式)Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A.go B.going C.don’t go D.not to go
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们的老师经常告诉我们当交通灯是红色的时候不要过马路。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人(不)要做某事”,固定短语;此处指“告诉我们红灯时不要过马路”。故选D。
例3(2015·广东梅州·中考真题)(动词不定式的被动式)Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made _____by his little sister.
A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C.cry; cry D.to cry; cry
【答案】A
【详解】试题分析:句意:虽然他经常使他的妹妹哭,但是今天他妹妹使他哭了。使某人做某事:make sb do sth,后跟省to的不定式作宾语补足语,即前句填:cry;主动语态中省to的不定式,变为被动语态时,要用带to的不定式。即后句填:to cry。故选A。
【考点定位】:考查非谓语动词辨析。
例4(2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)(疑问词+动词不定式)We learned ________ to work as a team by completing the task.
A.what B.which C.how D.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:通过完成任务,我们学会了如何团队合作。
考查疑问词辨析。what什么;which哪一个;how怎样;who谁。根据“We learned … to work as a team by completing the task”可知,学会了如何团队合作,用how与“to work …”构成“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语,故选C。
1. 动词不定式的作用
句子成分
用法
例句
作主语
谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"
To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。
I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语
动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有