(教用word)Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas — Language points-【提分教练】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版2019)

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas — Language points

Ⅰ. 根据语境写出句中黑体单词的汉语意思

1. They were intrigued by what he had experienced during the journey.  

 激起……的兴趣

2. The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.   将……埋在下面

3. This pyramid is the oldest of the world's Seven Wonders.   金字塔

4. The road and the canal run parallel to each other.   运河

5. Kodak's downfall over the last several decades was dramatic.   衰败

6. A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.   废墟

Ⅱ. 拓展词汇知变形

1. civilisation n. 文明(社会) →civilised adj. 文明的；有教养的→civilise v. 教化；开化

2. abandon v. 离弃，逃离→abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；废弃的；被丢弃的→abandonment n. 抛弃；离弃

3. dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定→dismissal n. 否定，轻视→dismissive adj. 轻蔑的，蔑视的

4. expansion n. 扩大；增加→expand v. 扩大；扩展→expansive adj. 广阔的；全面的→expansively adv. 全面地

5. astronomy n. 天文学→astronomic adj. 天文学的；天体的；宇航学的；巨大的→astronomer n. 天文学家

Ⅲ. 补全短语

1. correspond to 和……相一致，相符合

2. apply... to ... 把……应用于……

3. all the more 多得多；更加

4. deal with 处理，对付；涉及

5. add to 增添；增加

6. at one's peak在……的顶峰

7. turn... into ... 把……变成……

8. lead to 导致；引起

9. fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落

10. on top of在……之上；除……之外

Ⅳ. 重点句式补全

1. 句型公式：过去分词短语作后置定语

Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle .

据此，他相信自己发现了一座深埋于丛林地带的未知玛雅城市的位置。

2. 句型公式：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语(现在分词短语)

It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and

objects and others representing syllables.

它包含800多个字符，一些符号代表动物体、人和物，另一些则代表音节。

3. 句型公式：so ...that...

It was a writing system so complicated that ， so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.

它是一个如此复杂的文字系统以至于到目前为止还没有人能够完全解读它。

4. 句型公式：whatever引导让步状语从句

Whatever the reasons ， Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.

不管原因是什么，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。

 

1. bury v. 将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；遮盖；使专心

(教材原文)Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.

据此，他相信自己发现了一座深埋于丛林地带的未知玛雅城市的位置。

【读句探究】

He did die a pauper and was buried in an unmarked grave.

他死时一文不名，葬于一处无名墓中。

Though buried in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.

＝Though burying myself in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.

＝Though I bury myself in/am buried in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.

虽然这些天埋头读书，但为了提高我自己，我仍然加入了几个学生俱乐部。

After hearing that bad news, he buried his face in his hands and wept.

听到那个坏消息后，他双手掩面而泣。

【探究归纳】

(1)单句语法填空

①He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.

②The lady sat on the ground, buried (bury) in thought.

(2)一句多译

他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。

①Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book ， he was not aware it was raining outside. (bury oneself in/be buried in)

② Burying himself in his book ， he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)

③ Buried in his book ， he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语)

2. dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除；让……离开

(教材原文)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

尽管学者们否定了他的理论，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此有影响。

【读句探究】

We dismissed  the cook because her cooking was so poor.

我们解雇了厨师，因为她的厨艺太差了。

He just laughed, and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.

他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。

Bob was dismissed for stealing bicycle parts.

鲍勃因偷自行车零件而被解雇。

【探究归纳】

(1)单句语法填空

①Jones was dismissed (dismiss) because he was often late for work.

②Mr Yang just laughed, and dismissed the question as unimportant.

③The servant was dismissed by the Greens for being lazy and dishonest.

④If you are late again, you will be dismissed from your job.

(2)完成句子

She claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post .

她声称她被不公平地免职。

3. abandon v. 离弃，逃离

(教材原句)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.

但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了其绝大部分的大城市。

【读句探究】

The crew abandoned the sinking ship after a hard struggle.

经过艰苦的斗争，船员们逃离了正在下沉的船。

The cruel man abandoned his wife and children.

那个狠心的男人抛弃了他的妻子和孩子。

After her husband died, Mrs Smith abandoned herself to grief.

在她的丈夫去世后，史密斯太太悲痛欲绝。

【探究归纳】

(1)单句语法填空

①In order to save his daughter, he abandoned escaping (escape) from the burning house himself.

②He gave most of his money to groups that help the poor, sick, disabled and abandoned (abandon) children.

③The building has been abandoned (abandon) for a number of years, and it needs to be repaired.

④Even if you meet with difficulties, you don't abandon yourself to despair.

(2)完成句子

We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem too weak or out of control.

我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免显得太过软弱或缺乏自制。

4. expansion n. 扩大；增加

(教材原文) huge expansion of...

……的巨大扩大

【读句探究】

The computer industry has expanded greatly over the last decade.

计算机行业在过去的十年里急剧扩张。

We have plans to expand the business into the European market.

我们计划把业务拓展到欧洲市场。

Tom later expanded on/upon his initial statement.

汤姆后来对他最初的声明作了进一步说明。

【探究归纳】

(1)单句语法填空

①These policies will cause the creation and expansion (expand) of tourist attractions all over the country.

②With time going by, the society expanded into a worldwide organisation.

③I am quite satisfied with your explanation, so there is no need to expand on/upon it.

(2)完成句子

The rapid expansion of cities can bring many jobs to people.

城市规模的迅速扩大能给人们带来许多工作机会。

5. whatever引导的让步状语从句

(教材原文)Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.

不管原因是什么，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。

[句式分析]句中的Whatever the reasons是Whatever引导的让步状语从句，reasons后省略了are。此句还可以写成No matter what...。

【读句探究】

Wherever he goes, he takes his digital camera with him. (让步状语从句)

无论他走到哪里，他都带着他的数码相机。

We will do whatever we can to save the boy.(名词性从句)

我们将做我们能做的事情来救那个男孩。

【探究归纳】

(1)单句语法填空

① Whatever methods parents choose to adopt, they need to teach their kids that money doesn't grow on trees!

② Whatever project he works on is always successful.

③ However great the difficulty is, we will get it over.

④ Whoever will get full marks first will be given the prize.

(2)句型转换

①Whatever he says, you won't listen to him.

→ No matter what he says, you won't listen to him.

②Whenever the disaster happens, the soldiers will appear.

→ No matter when the disaster happens, the soldiers will appear.