内容正文:
单元语法点----祈使句的表达
基本概念
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:
Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求)
Be kind to our sister.(对姐妹要和善。——劝告)
Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)
Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止)
No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)
二、结构
●肯定结构:
1. Do型(即: 动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。
如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。 let sb. Do sth.
如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。
如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:
“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”
“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 No+V.ing
如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
【练习】
1. ______ in the hallway!
A. To run B. Running C. Not run D. Don’t run
2. ______ careful! It’s very dangerous.
A. Be B. Don’t C. Never D. To
3. The doctor says to Tom, “______ stay up too late.”
A. Don’t B. can’t C. to go D. goes
4. Let’s ______ shopping together, Vickers.
A. Go B. going C. to go D. goes
5. In the library, there is a sign saying “______smoking”.
A. Don’t B. can’t C. doesn’t D. no
6. Cindy, ___ ___ to be here at 8 o’clock.
A. Is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure
用正确形式填空
1. It’s an important meeting. _______(not be) late.
2. _______ (look) out! A car is coming!
3. _______(not make) any noise! The baby is sleeping!
4. ________(careful)! It’s important.
5. ________ (not be) late for school again.
6. She ________ (have) to stay at home every day.
7. Please ________(not put) your sweater here.
8. I have to help my mom________(do) the housework.
9. You ___